Emotion is defined as any mental experience with high intensity and high hedonic content. The existence and nature of emotions in animals are believed to be correlated with those of humans and to have evolved from the same mechanisms.
Believers, however, typically opine that animals are capable of a range of emotions, such as happiness, sadness, empathy, grief, curiosity, anger, anxiety and fear. So a naughty dog that goes on the carpet and gnaws up everything is probably not actively trying to punish its absent person for being gone so long. But it might be feeling lonely and anxious, and not know how to behave when left on its own for so much time.
Emotions might have evolved out of social necessity, helping animals adapt to different situations. Animals raised by themselves don’t learn all the social niceties involved in getting along with others.
Animals respond to the environment much as humans do, reacting emotionally to others and even becoming stressed and anxious in times of danger. These emotions have a marked effect on their behaviour but while researchers may never be able to know how animals actually feel, studies have found that there are definite behavioural similarities in emotional expression between animals and humans.
So,we can say that animals also have emotions like humans.

Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most common consequences of this are population movements as large numbers of people are often forced to flee the moving lava flow. Volcanic activity can have both positive and negative effects.
Positive effects!
Volcanic materials produce fertile soils. Ash and cinder are natural fertilizers as they are rich in minerals. As lava cools and is eroded by the elements it also adds to soil fertility.
Brazilian plateau is another region where ancient volcanic activity has enriched the soils and allowed coffee production to thrive.
In New Zealand volcanic soils are used in the dairy industry and fruit production.
Negative effects!
Large volcanic eruptions can cause death and the destruction of property. The lava
flow and mud-flows caused by volcanic eruptions can kill people and destroy property as it moves rapidly down the side of the volcano.This volcanic eruption also released poisonous gases such as sulphur
dioxide and carbon dioxide.Agricultural land can also be destroyed by ash following a volcanic
eruption.

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