who is a cyber attacker

A cyber attacker is an individual or group who exploits vulnerabilities in computer systems, networks, or digital devices to steal, alter, or destroy data, often for malicious purposes. These attackers use various techniques like phishing, malware, ransomware, or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks to compromise security. Their motives range from financial gain and espionage to political agendas or personal vendettas.

Cyber attackers can be categorized into:

Hackers: Skilled individuals who breach systems for challenge, profit, or activism (e.g., “black hat” hackers).

State-Sponsored Actors: Government-backed groups targeting critical infrastructure or sensitive data (e.g., cyber warfare).

Cybercriminals: Organized gangs conducting fraud, identity theft, or ransomware attacks for money.

Insiders: Employees or associates misusing access to sabotage or leak information.

Script Kiddies: Amateurs using pre-written tools to attack systems without deep technical knowledge.

Their attacks disrupt businesses, governments, and individuals, causing financial losses, privacy breaches, or even physical harm (e.g., hacking medical devices). Defenses include firewalls, encryption, and user education to mitigate risks. Cyber attackers evolve with technology, making cybersecurity a continuous battle.