Was the first Pharaoh of Egypt black
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The first pharaoh, often identified as Narmer (or Menes), unified Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BCE. Scholarly opinions on his ethnicity vary:
Ancient Egyptian Origins: Egypt’s early population was likely indigenous to the Nile Valley, with physical features ranging from lighter Mediterranean to darker Nubian tones. The civilization emerged from a mix of North African and Near Eastern influences.
Black African Identity: Some scholars, like Cheikh Anta Diop, argue that early Egyptians, including Narmer, were part of a broader Black African cultural sphere, citing shared linguistic and cultural ties with Nubia. Artwork from the period sometimes depicts figures with darker skin.
Modern Controversy: The debate is often politicized, with Eurocentric and Afrocentric perspectives clashing. DNA studies (e.g., 2017 study in Nature) show ancient Egyptians had genetic links to Levantine and Sub-Saharan populations, but skin color isn’t definitively confirmed.